RESUMO: Este estudo objetivou realizar uma análise bibliométrica e revisão de literatura acerca da produção de filmes à base de gelatina para aplicação como embalagens alimentícias, abordando os principais avanços e limitações. A busca de artigos foi realizada na base de dados da Scopus e os dados bibliométricos obtidos pela ferramenta Bibliometrix (RStudio software). Verificou-se uma grande variedade de compostos que podem ser incorporados nos filmes de gelatina, a fim de superar suas limitações relacionadas à alta solubilidade e baixas propriedades mecânicas, bem como para obtenção de funções ativas ou inteligentes. Dentre os compostos mais reportados, têm-se: óleos essenciais, pigmentos extraídos de vegetais e outros agentes antimicrobianos. Os alimentos mais reportados como matriz de aplicação foram: carnes (peixe, frango e camarão), leite, queijo e frutas, minimamente processadas. Mesmo com tendências promissoras, o maior desafio no âmbito das aplicações reais em larga escala é a obtenção de biopolímeros facilmente degradáveis, com estabilidade estrutural e funcional similar aos polímeros sintéticos. Dessa forma, o maior enfoque dessa temática em pesquisas poderá favorecer avanços significativos para o uso dessas embalagens, impactando positivamente diversos dos Objetivos para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, preconizados pela Organização das Nações Unidas.

ABSTRACT: This research carried out a bibliometric analysis and literature review on the production of gelatin-based films for application as food packaging, addressing the main advances and limitations. The search for articles was performed in the Scopus database, and bibliometric data were obtained using the Bibliometrix tool (RStudio software). It was observed that a wide variety of compounds can be incorporated into gelatin films to overcome the limitations related to their high solubility and low mechanical properties, as well as to obtain active or smart functions. Among the most reported compounds were essential oils, pigments extracted from vegetables, and other antimicrobial agents. The most reported foods as an application matrix were meat (fish, chicken, and shrimp), milk, cheese, and minimally processed fruits. Even with promising trends, the biggest challenge for large-scale applications is to obtain easily degradable biopolymers with structural and functional stability similar to synthetic polymers. Thus, a greater focus on this theme in research may favor significant advances in the use of these packages and positively impact several of the Sustainable Development Goals, as recommended by the United Nations.

ABSTRACT Tartrazine yellow is a dye commonly used in the food, textile, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The effluents generated containing this contaminant must be treated since it presents potential carcinogenicity to the cells. The adsorption stands out among the other techniques used to remove dye from wastewater due to its ease of operation and implementation, and high removal rate. However, the production of effective and low-cost adsorbents is a constant challenge. Gelatin is a promising compound for the production of adsorbent composites, enabling the improvement of its low mechanical properties and accelerated degradation, by the addition of carbonaceous, such as carbon nanotubes (CNT’s). Taking into account economic and environmental aspects, gelatin can be recovered from chromium-tanned leather wastes (RCTLW). Thus, this work aimed to study the adsorption of the tartrazine yellow dye by adsorbent composites based on: (1) commercial gelatin/CNT’s beads and (2) RCTLW gelatin/CNT’s beads. Commercial and RCTLW gelatin composite beads showed an adsorption capacity of 202.39 and 131.32 mg.g–1, respectively, estimated by the Langmuir model. In adsorption kinetics, the density continued to increase after 300 min for both the composite materials, with better prediction of the pseudo-first order model. In the reuse study, the commercial and RCTLW gelatin composite beads proved to be usable for up to 10 cycles, with regenerations of 45 to 68% and 45 to 61%, respectively. In general, the composite beads of gelatin showed promise for the adsorption of dyes, mainly RCTLW gelatin, since it makes possible the use and minimization of wastes.

A simple chemical method has been developed to quantify the silanol groups (º Si-OH) in silica as well as in coated chromatographic supports for use in packed - column Gas Chromatography. After adsorption of 10 mg/mL methylene blue, centrifuging action and filtration, the absorbance of the solution was inversely proportional to the silanol quantity. The difference between the absorbance of the pure solution and that of the solid - free filtrate was related to the silica weight, yielding a quantitative analysis of these groups.

A imobilização de uma fase estacionária de silicone (SE-30) sobre Chromosorb W-AW para uso em cromatografia gasosa foi iniciada por peróxido de dicumila (DCUP). Foram estudadas concentrações apropriadas de peróxido e o procedimento utilizado para imobilização é bem descrito. Foram realizados testes de extrações com solventes, avaliação cromatográfica, bem como estabilidade térmica e lavagem com solventes em coluna. Estes testes mostraram que a preparação de SE-30 imobilizada sobre Chromosorb W-AW, usando DCUP, é simples e produz fases estacionárias eficientes e resistentes a solventes.

The immobilization of a silicone stationary phase (SE-30) on Chromosorb W/AW for use in packed column gas chromatography was initiated by dicumyl peroxide (DCUP). Appropriate peroxide concentrations were studied and the immobilization procedure is described. Solvent extractions and chromatographic testing, as well as thermal stability and on-column solvent rinsing, showed that preparation of an SE-30 phase immobilized on Chromosorb W/AW using DCUP is a simple method that produces efficient and non-extractable stationary phases.